Analyzing the difference between atomic fluorescence spectrometry and ICP-MS in the determination of arsenic in urine / 中国职业医学

@#Abstract: Objective （ ） To compare the measured results of arsenic in urine by atomic fluorescence spectrometry AFS and - （ - ）， Methods inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy ICP MS and analyze the reasons of the difference. The samples WS/T 474-2015 Determination of Arsenic in Urine by Hydride Generation Atomic Fluorescence were pretreated according to Spectrometry， （ ∶ ∶ ∶∶ ，V/V/V） and digested with mixed acid nitric acid sulfuric acid perchloric acid=3 1 1 and then determined by - - AFS and ICP MS. The samples were diluted with 0.50% nitric acid and determined by ICP MS. The samples included urine ， ， （ arsenic quality control samples inorganic arsenic supplemented samples and organic arsenic arsenic choline and arsenic ） - betaine supplemented samples. Standard curve method was used to compare the results of AFS method and ICP MS method. Results （ ） （ ） The results of quality control samples by AFS method digestion and ICP-MS method without digestion were ， - within the range of reference values but the values obtained by AFS method were lower than those obtained by ICP MS method. - - - ， The recovery of AFS and ICP MS was 97.79% 100.82% and 99.55% 99.98% respectively. In the middle and high ， - （ P ） concentration groups the measured values of inorganic arsenic by AFS were lower than that by ICP MS all <0.01 . The （ ） - recovery of arsenic betaine and arsenic choline by AFS method digestion was only 2.17% 2.63%. The values of arsenic betaine （ ） - （ and arsenic choline measured by AFS method digestion were lower than those measured by ICP MS method without ） - （ ）（ P ）Conclusion digestion and ICP MS method digestion all <0.01 . The result of urine arsenic measured by AFS method - ， was lower than that measured by ICP MS method which may be related to the mixed acid digestion of AFS method. Keywords: ； - ； ； ； ； ；

Occupational burnout analysis of border guards in the background of COVID-19 / 中国职业医学

@#Objective To analyze the occupational burnout status and its influencing factors of border guards in the prevention （ - ）Methods and control of coronavirus disease COVID 19 . A total of 1 313 border guards who participate in the prevention and control of epidemic diseases were selected as research subjects using the random cluster sampling method. Military Occupational Burnout Scale and Military Occupational Stress Scale were used to investigate the occupational burnout status and Results occupational stress in the research subjects. The median and 25th and 75th percentiles of military occupational （ ， ） （ ， ）， burnout and occupational stress total scores were 9.0 3.0 15.0 and 76.0 70.0 86.0 respectively. About 73.1% of the subjects were suffered from high occupational stress. The results of multiple linear regression analysis indicated that the higher the scores of interpersonal relationship, military special life, work pressure, unclear role and leadership ability factor in P occupational stress, and the lower the score of personal development, the more serious the occupational burnout (all <0.05 ) ， after excluding the influence of confounding factors; subjects with panic psychology inconvenience caused by closed ， management fear on accountability for poor prevention and no personal hobbies had more serious occupational burnout than （ P ） Conclusion - ， subjects without those factors all <0.05 . In the period of COVID 19 prevention the level of occupational burnout and occupational stress of border guards were generally low. The occupational burnout was mainly affected by occupational stress and fear of the epidemic.

Prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms among industrial employees in a modern industrial region in Beijing, China / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

BACKGROUND@#Growing industrialization of China exposes its labor population to the risk of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of MSDs in a modern industrial region of Beijing.@*METHODS@#A cross-sectional study included 1415 employees in six industrial companies was conducted between January 2018 and May 2018 in Fangshan district, Beijng, China. Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ) was used to collect the information about MSDs. Demographic factors, lifestyle factors, health and medical factors, and work-related factors were collected as independent variables. Descriptive statistics, the chi-squared (χ) test, and binary logistic regression analysis were used to analyze data.@*RESULTS@#Among 1415 participants, 498 reported MSDs. The regions involved were the neck (25.16%), shoulders (17.17%), and upper back (13.29%). There was a significant statistical difference between frontline industrial workers and other staff in the prevalence of self-reported symptoms involving the shoulders (χ = 4.33, P = 0.037), wrists and hands (χ = 8.90, P = 0.003), and ankles and feet (χ = 12.88, P < 0.001). Increased age (P = 0.005, OR = 1.63; P = 0.001, OR = 2.33), a high or a low salary (P < 0.001, OR = 0.49; P < 0.001, OR = 0.30), night-shift (P = 0.027, OR = 1.46), two-week-history of illness and treatment (P = 0.004, OR = 5.60; P = 0.013, OR = 4.19), concurrent chronic diseases (P = 0.001, OR = 3.45; P = 0.092, OR = 7.81), limited access to health information (P = 0.004, OR = 0.49), and negative attitude towards seeking healthcare (P = 0.010, OR = 1.77; P = 0.009, OR = 2.75) were associated with MSDs in frontline workers. Female gender (P < 0.001, OR = 2.30), high education (P = 0.001, OR = 1.96), no exercises (P = 0.027, OR = 0.59), night-shift (P = 0.017, OR = 1.98), concurrent chronic diseases (P = 0.002, OR = 3.73; P = 0.020, OR = 13.42), limited access to health information (P = 0.013, OR = 0.53), far distance to medical institution (P = 0.009, OR = 1.83), and negative propensity (P = 0.009, OR = 1.94; P = 0.014, OR = 2.74) were associated with MSDs in other staffs.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The prevalence of MSDs among industrial employees has changed. Frontline workers had different prevalence and risk factors for MSDs compared with other employees. Negative propensity to healthcare, limited ways to obtain health knowledge, and concomitant chronic diseases were associated with MSDs. Surprisingly, highly educated and high-income employees had a higher risk of MSDs.

Identification and preparation of a glycol-protein fraction AN from tea extracts and its and anti-hyperglycosemia activity / 中国中药杂志

The present study compared active ingredients of tea from different sources to select tea type and the fraction of tea extracts for the highest anti-hyperglycemic activity, and to verify anti-hyperglycemic activity of the selected tea extract. Tea extracts were separated and enriched by molecular weight using ultra-filtration technology. The extracts were first screened by -glucosidase inhibition assay, followed by using a rat inverted intestine sac system to measure the effect on glucose transport. Both alloxan-induced diabetic rat model and high-fat diet combined with streptozotocin-induced rat diabetes mellitus model were used to study the effects of active components on blood glucose, body weight, insulin resistance. The experimental results showed that the different kinds of tea extracts had different inhibitory effects on -glucosidase, and the inhibitory effect of tea extract E on -glucosidase was stronger. The effects of different components of tea extract E also varied greatly, of which Fraction AN protein had stronger inhibitory effect on -glucosidase than other fragments, and Fraction AN protein had a strong inhibitory effect on glucose transport, reduced blood sugar and normalized insulin secretion in diabetic rats. The results suggest that a glycol-protein fraction(AN) from the extracts might be responsible for the anti-hyperglycemic activity of tea polysaccharides. The AN glycol-protein fraction has strong inhibitory effects on both -glucosidase activity and glucose transport by the small intestine. It also reduced blood glucose level and normalized insulin secretion in diabetic rats, and has a protective effect on diabetic rats.

Establishment of a Novel Mouse Model of Coronary Microembolization / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Coronary microembolization (CME) has been frequently seen in acute coronary syndromes and percutaneous coronary intervention. Small animal models are required for further studies of CME related to severe prognosis. This study aimed to explore a new mouse model of CME.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The mouse model of CME was established by injecting polystyrene microspheres into the left ventricular chamber during 15-s occlusion of the ascending aorta. Based on the average diameter and dosage used, 30 C57BL/6 male mice were randomly divided into five groups (n = 6 in each): 9 μm/500,000, 9 μm/800,000, 17 μm/200,000, 17 μm/500,000, and sham groups. The postoperative survival and performance of the mice were recorded. The mice were sacrificed 3 or 10 days after the surgery. The heart tissues were harvested for hematoxylin and eosin staining and Masson trichrome staining to compare the extent of inflammatory cellular infiltration and fibrin deposition among groups and for scanning transmission electron microscopic examinations to see the ultrastructural changes after CME.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Survival analysis demonstrated that the cumulative survival rate of the 17 μm/500,000 group was significantly lower than that of the sham group (0/6 vs. 6/6, P = 0.001). The cumulative survival rate of the 17 μm/200,000 group was lower than those of the sham and 9 μm groups with no statistical difference (cumulative survival rate of the 17 μm/200,000, 9 μm/800,000, 9 μm/500,000, and sham groups was 4/6, 5/6, 6/6, and 6/6, respectively). The pathological alterations were similar between the 9 μm/500,000 and 9 μm/800,000 groups. The extent of inflammatory cellular infiltration and fibrin deposition was more severe in the 17 μm/200,000 group than in the 9 μm/500,000 and 9 μm/800,000 groups 3 and 10 days after the surgery. Scanning transmission electron microscopic examinations revealed platelet aggregation and adhesion, microthrombi formation, and changes in cardiomyocytes.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The injection of 500,000 polystyrene microspheres at an average diameter of 9 μm is proved to be appropriate for the mouse model of CME based on the general conditions, postoperative survival rates, and pathological changes.</p>

Short-term safety and efficiency of cryoablation for renal sympathetic denervation in a swine model / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Renal sympathetic nerves are involved in the reflective activation of the sympathetic nervous system in circulatory control. Catheter-based renal denervation (RDN) ameliorated treatment-resistant hypertension safely, but 10%-20% of treated patients are nonresponders to radiofrequency denervation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the safety and efficiency of cryoablation for sympathetic denervation in a swine model and to explore a new way of RDN.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Seven swines randomly assigned to two groups: Renal cryoablation (CR) group and control group. The control group underwent renal angiogram only. The CR group underwent renal angiogram plus bilateral renal cryoablation. Renal angiograms via femoral were performed before denervation, after denervation and prior to the sacrifice to access the diameter of renal arterial and the pressure of aorta abdominalis. Euthanasia of the swine was performed on 28-day to access norepinephrine (NE) changes of the renal cortex and the changes of renal nerves.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Cryoablation did not induce severe complications at any time point. There was no significant change in diameter of renal artery. CR reduced systolic blood pressure (BP) from 145.50 ± 9.95 mmHg at baseline to 119.00 ± 14.09 mmHg. There was a slight but insignificant decrease in diastolic BP. The main nerve changes at 28-day consisted of necrosis with perineurial fibrosis at the site of CR exposure in conjunction with the nerve vacuolation. Compared with the control group, renal tissue NE of CR group decreased by 89.85%.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Percutaneous catheter-based cryoablation of the renal artery is safe. CR could effectively reduce NE storing in the renal cortex, and the efficiency could be maintained 28-day at least.</p>

Preparation and Pharmacokinetics of Nevirapine Nanosuspensions in Rats / 中国药师

Objective:To prepare nevirapine nanosuspensions ( Nev-NS) and study the pharmacokinetics in rats. Methods:Nev-NS was prepared by a high pressure homogenization technology. The particle size, PDI and Zeta potential of the nanosuspensions were used as the indices to determine the influencing factors in the preparation process. Nevirapine plasma concentration was detected by HPLC and the pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by 3P97 software. Results: The particle size, PDI and Zeta potential of Nev-NS was (456. 1 ± 72. 1) nm, 0. 441 ± 0. 072 and ( -24. 4 ± 4. 7) mV, respectively. AUC0-12 of Nev and Nev-NS was (7. 57 ± 0.52) and (11.72 ±1.83) mg·h·L-1, t1/2 was (2.45 ±0.31) and (3.16 ±0.39) h, Tmax was (1.43 ±0.38) and (1.61 ± 0. 32) h and Cmax was (1. 62 ± 0. 42) and (3. 15 ± 0. 52) mg·L-1 , respectively. Conclusion:Nev-NS can improve the pharmacoki-netic behavior of Nev in rats significantly, and obviously enhance the bioavailability when compared with nevirapine suspensions.

Application of the microprobe dredging operation in the treatment of the meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AlM: To evaluate the function of the microprobe dredging technology in the treatment of meibomian gland dysfunction ( MGD ) and to provide fast, efficient, economical and practical method of treatment for meibomian gland dysfunction ( MGD) . METHODS:The 100μm diameter stainless steel wire was made as the microprobe with the total length of 3cm, which the needle was about 5mm and hand shank was about 2. 5cm. Selected 140 cases with dry eyes of meibomian gland dysfunction ( MGD ) , patients were divided into two groups and made them have comparability. Observation group ( n = 70 ) used microprobe to dredge meibomian gland pipe accompanied with drugs, hot compress and meibomian gland massage treatment. The control group (n=70) was given conventional drugs, hot compress and meibomian massage treatment. To compare the tear break-up time ( BUT) , efficient rate and the cure rate of the two groups after treatment of 1d, 1wk, 2wk, 1 mo, 2mo and 3mo. RESULTS: BUT were significantly prolonged in observation group and control group after treatment, and the observation group improved more obviously; the efficient rate and cure rate of the observation group were significantly higher than that of the control group after 1d, 1wk, 2wk, 1mo, 2mo and 3mo treatment. CONCLUSlON: Using microprobe to unclog the meibomian gland tube can provide the fast and efficient, economical and practical treatment for meibomian gland dysfunction ( MGD ) , which can be promoted in the clinical practice.

Corneal arcus and xanthomas in homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia: First report from China.

We report the case of a 12-year-old male who developed corneal arcus and multiple skin lesions with a 10-year history of xanthomas. The lesions appeared over his fingers, hands, elbows, knees, buttocks and feet. Laboratory studies showed a total serum cholesterol level of 752.1 mg/dL; a triglyceride level of 96.6 mg/dL; a low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level of 661.3 mg/dL. Findings were consistent with homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia. To our knowledge, this is the first such case to be reported from China.

Effects of traditional Chinese medicine on intestinal mucosal permeability in early phase of severe acute pancreatitis / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Traditional Chinese medicine has been used widely for many years in China to treat acute pancreatitis. We have investigated the effects of Dachengqi decoction on intestinal mucosal permeability and outcome in patients with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Forty patients with sustained SAP that required admission to the surgical intensive care unit were enrolled prospectively in the study. All of these patients were divided randomly into the Dachengqi decoction group (n = 20) and control group (n = 20) on admission. Intestinal permeability was assessed by measuring absorption of two metabolically inert markers, lactulose (L) and mannitol (M), which were administered orally. Serum concentrations of endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide, LPS) and the ratio of lactulose to mannitol in urine (L/M) were detected in all patients.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with those in the control group, urinary L/M ratio decreased significantly in the Dachengqi decoction group on the 7th day after admission (P = 0.001). Also, serum concentrations of LPS were reduced on the 5th and 7th day after admission (P = 0.006, P = 0.008, respectively). Incidence of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) and pancreatic infection was significantly lower in the Dachengqi decoction group compared with those in the control group (P = 0.038,P = 0.025, respectively).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Dachengqi decoction may promote the recovery of intestinal mucosal permeability and decrease the incidence of MODS and pancreatic infection in patients with SAP.</p>

Effects of duration of early organ dysfunction and therapeutic strategy on outcomes in patients with severe acute pancreatitis / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the characteristics of early organ dysfunction in patients with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) and therapeutic regimens.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of consecutive 74 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of SAP admitted between January 2000 and June 2005 were divided into two groups, transient group (<or=72 h, n = 20) and persistent group (>72 h, n = 54). The differences in local complications and mortality were compared between the two groups.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Among the seventy-four SAP patients, the incidence rate of cardiovascular dysfunction was 80%, respiratory dysfunction 47%, hepatic dysfunction 37% and renal dysfunction 20%. The incidence of multiple organ dysfunction in transient group was much lower than that in persistent group (P < 0.01). The local complications and death in transient group patients were less than that in persistent group (P = 0.038, P = 0.054, respectively), irrespective of onset of organ dysfunction on admission or later during the first week.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The important determinant of risk of death from SAP is the persistence of early organ dysfunction for more than 72 h. Consequently, aggressively ameliorating the blood perfusion and the oxygenation in tissue is the priority in reducing organ dysfunction or shortening the duration of organ dysfunction.</p>

Abdominal compartment syndrome at patients with severe acute pancreatitis at early stage / 中华急诊医学杂志

25 mmHg) had no response to conservative management, and,therefore,had to be decompressed by invasive procedure,including 6 patients performed by decompression laparotomy,2 patients by laparoscopic decompression and 5 patients by ultrasound/computed tomography location and needle paracentesis drainage.These 13 ACS patients had obvious amelioration in physiological variables (hemodynamic,respiratory and tissue perfusion) after 24 hour post-decompression (P